PRAGUE — Four years ago, it seemed that the days in politics of billionaire Andrej Babis were numbered.
The ANO movement Mr. Babis created (an abbreviation of Action of Dissatisfied Citizens that means “Yes” in Czech) to counter mainstream political parties was defeated in October 2021 by a coalition of pro-Western groups. The populist leader was expected to make good on his promise to quit, rather than end up in opposition.
Instead, he immediately launched an aggressive campaign blaming the ruling coalition for every problem, from the energy crisis to soaring inflation. He promised to revoke a much-resented increase in the state pension age and to end help for Ukraine, while ridiculing Prime Minister Petr Fiala for being a better prime minister of Ukraine than of Czechia.
On Saturday, ANO claimed its greatest election victory since its foundation in 2011.
“It’s for me the culmination of my political career,” said Mr. Babis, 71, who was a member of the Communist Party before the 1989 Velvet Revolution in the former Czechoslovakia and has drawn comparisons to U.S. President Trump.
His victory deprives Ukraine of a staunch supporter and steers Czechia toward the pro-Russian path taken by Hungary and Slovakia.
He is expected to join the ranks of Viktor Orban of Hungary and Robert Fico of Slovakia, whose countries have refused to provide military aid to Ukraine, continue to import Russian oil and oppose sanctions on Russia.
Mr. Babis said he was planning to abandon an internationally recognized Czech initiative that acquires artillery shells for Ukraine on markets outside the EU. He also opposes a NATO commitment to significantly increase defense spending and criticized a deal to purchase 24 U.S. F-35 fighter jets In Europe, Mr. Babis already joined forces with his friend Mr. Orban to create a new alliance in the European Parliament, the ” Patriots for Europe,” to represent hard-right groups critical of EU migration and climate policies, and favoring national sovereignty.
Tomas Weiss, associate professor of international relations at Charles University in Prague, said he would expect Mr. Babis to apply a pragmatic approach to the EU due to his business interests. Mr. Babis might be a vocal EU critic at home but would not present big obstacles in Brussels, he said.
“Fico and Orban might be celebrating but they’re not the players who matter at the European level,” Mr. Weiss said.
Mr. Babis made his first impact on the Czech political scene in the 2013 election, finishing second and becoming finance minister.
Among his moves, he proposed lowering taxes on beer by more than half — a policy which resonated among the beer-loving Czechs.
As the owner of the Agrofert conglomerate of some 200 agriculture, food, chemical and media companies, Mr. Babis faced allegations that finance ministry officials used their powers to force his business competitors into liquidation. Fearing a combination of wealth and power, Parliament approved a law that compelled Mr. Babis to transfer Agrofert to an independent trust fund. He was eventually fired as finance minister in 2017 over unexplained business dealings.
His popularity was unharmed, and he won the 2017 election, becoming prime minister and forming a minority government with the Social Democrats that governed with the support of the maverick Communists.
During his turbulent term in office, police recommended that he should be indicted over alleged fraud involving EU subsidies. A quarter of a million people took to the streets — the biggest such demonstrations since 1989 — twice in 2019 to demand that Mr. Babis step down due to his scandals, including the conflict of interest over EU subsidies.
He was hit by yet another scandal in 2021 that linked him and hundreds of other wealthy people to offshore accounts in findings dubbed the “Pandora Papers.” He lost the parliamentary election a short time afterward and two years later was defeated in a run for the largely ceremonial post of president by Petr Pavel, a retired army general.
Mr. Babis bounced back but problems remain.
He still faces fraud charges in the EU subsidies case and the new Parliament will have to lift his official immunity for a court to issue a verdict.
He also has to meet the requirements of an amended conflict of interest law. The current stricter legislation does not allow the transfer of ownership to trust funds or relatives.
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